原子力発電市場動向：中国

◆英語タイトル：Nuclear Power in China
◆発行会社/調査会社：Taiyou Research
◆商品コード：Taiyou-40619176
◆発行日：2014年5月
◆調査対象地域：中国
◆ページ数：355
◆レポート言語：英語
◆レポート形式：PDF
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*** レポート概要（サマリー）***

China has been on the road of rapid evolvement for quite some time now. Be it in any stratum, this largest Asian country is sure progressing with accelerated speed. So there’s no doubt that being a country with the largest population count in the whole world, China’s need for electrical power supply is now at all time high. A major portion of the electricity produced is from fossil fuels of which coal is exploited maximum, then oil and gas. Hydro power is the most used after. With ever increasing population, the demand for more power has risen as well. Due to this, power shortages have started taking place and to combat that more and more fuels are being used incessantly leading to a shoot up in air pollution level. Because of this China’s economy has suffered a loss of almost 6% of its GDP.

The total output of electricity produced domestically has been increasing year after year. Although its capacity growth is expected to remiss by the end of 2020 but until then it will continue to prosper. This growth in capacity so far can be considered pretty remarkable as it pursued even after many coal-fired plants were revoked. China’s State Grid Corporation has been utilizing UHV network to generate a great amount of power and it is expected to only boost up by 2020 as the Chinese state has budgeted almost $ 600 billion for upgrading its grid.

The major contributors in power generation include names such as Huaneng Power, Datang Power and Huadian Power. Since coal is the chief source used in generation of power, almost half of country’s rail spread is used in its transportation. The other issue that country faces is that of it leaking the highest amount of carbon emissions into the atmosphere hence overtaking US as the largest carbon emitting state in the world. This is not to decline but only grow as much as 2.7% every year.

Taking a look into China’s nuclear power sector, it can’t be denied that the state is doing all it can in order to expand itself in this department. This sector has shown a speedy growth ever since it was formulated. With help drawn in technology from France, Canada, Russia and the US, China has set its atomic power for flourishing. New reactors are being put up to have nuclear energy generated in abundance. It is predicted that by 2040 the PWRs are expected to level off at 200 GWe.

After the recent Fukushima accident in Japan, the government has suspended plans to open any new reactors and those under construction are being made to go through sweeping safety checks in order to avoid any nuclear calamities in the future. With its eyes set on becoming the next global superpower, China sure has justified that it is an enduring contender for the spot.

In this industry scenario Taiyou Research analyzes the nuclear power industry in China in its research offering Nuclear Power in China.

The report covers the following:

• An analysis of the basics of nuclear power including the present-day nuclear power industry, components of a nuclear reactor, fuel for a nuclear reactor, power ratings of nuclear reactors, lifetime of reactors, primary coolants for nuclear reactors, and radioactive waste management.

• An analysis of the various types of nuclear reactors. Analyzed reactors include pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, advanced boiling water reactor, advanced liquid metal reactor, pressurized heavy water reactor, the RBMK reactor, gas cooled reactor and advanced gas cooled reactor, super critical water cooled reactor, and the liquid metal fast breeder reactor. An analysis of the radioisotope thermoelectric generator is also included.

• Advanced nuclear technologies analyzed in this report include advanced liquid metal reactors, the pebble bed modular reactor, SSTAR, thorium-based reactors, and the modular high temperature gas cooled reactor.

• The nuclear fuel cycle is analyzed through a look at uranium resources worldwide, mining and milling, nuclear reprocessing, and ways of boosting the potency of the nuclear fuel.

• We analyze the global nuclear power industry through an industry profile, uranium market statistics, market features, price and industry trends, role of nuclear hedging, challenges facing the industry, and an outlook for nuclear power. Amongst the challenges facing the industry we look at the impact of US President Obama’s nuclear policy, the issue of air and water pollution, financial barriers, safety issues particularly after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, and many other barriers.

Moving on to Chapter 2, we analyze China’s nuclear power industry in our report. The chapter includes:

• An analysis of why China needs nuclear power and the challenges facing the industry along with the growing demand for energy in China.

• The growth of nuclear power in China is analyzed over the years.

• Nuclear fuel cycle is looked at, along with uranium resources and uranium mining in the country. The process of uranium enrichment is analyzed, as well as fuel fabrication plants, fuel recycling and reprocessing, as well as radioactive waste management in China.

• Regulatory framework governing the nuclear power industry in China is analyzed. We also look at the impact of the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan on the Chinese nuclear power industry.

• Reactor technologies in use in China are analyzed.

• Policies governing nuclear fuel cycle and research programs ongoing in China are analyzed.

• Operating and under construction/planned nuclear power plants in China are analyzed.

• Major industry players – both local as well as global players – are analyzed in this report. For the major global industry players, we carry out a profile analysis of these companies through a company overview, analysis of business segments, and a SWOT analysis.

• Nuclear non-proliferation in China and an industry outlook for the Chinese nuclear power industry is included.

Chapter 3 focuses on the 2011 Fukushima nuclear plant accident and we take a look at how that has had an impact on the international community as a whole and the future of nuclear power in the world.

Taiyou Research’s report on Nuclear Power in China is a comprehensive profile of an industry which is bound to face a lot of barriers in the coming years, but without which, the growth of China is going to face many roadblocks.

*** レポート目次（コンテンツ）***

Executive Summary

Chapter 1: Basics of Nuclear Power

1. Understanding Nuclear Power
1.1 Overview
1.2 Background of Nuclear Power
1.3 Nuclear Power Today
1.3.1 Emergence of Strong Nuclear Policies
1.3.2 Generating Electricity with Nuclear Power
1.4 Components of a Nuclear Reactor
1.4.1 Nuclear Fuel
1.4.2 Neutron Moderator
1.4.3 Coolant
1.4.4 Control Rods
1.4.5 Pressure Vessel
1.4.6 Emergency Core Cooling Systems
1.4.7 Reactor Protective System
1.4.8 Steam Generators (not there in BWRs)
1.4.9 Containment Building
1.4.10 Boiler Feed Water Pump
1.4.11 Turbine
1.4.12 Electrical Generator
1.4.13 Condenser
1.5 Fuel for a Nuclear Power Reactor
1.6 Power Rating of a Nuclear Reactor
1.7 Nuclear Reactors Lifetime
1.8 Primary Coolants for Nuclear Reactors
1.9 Radioactive Waste Management

2. Nuclear Reactor Types
2.1 Fission Reactor
2.1.1 Pressurized Water Reactors
2.1.1.1 PWR Reactor Design
2.1.1.2 Advantages of PWR Reactors
2.1.1.3 Disadvantages of PWR Reactors
2.1.2 Boiling Water Reactors
2.1.2.1 Advantages of BWR
2.1.2.2 Disadvantages of BWR
2.1.3 Advanced Boiling Water Reactor
2.1.4 Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor (ALMR)
2.1.5 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor
2.1.5.1 Operation
2.1.5.2 Purpose of Using Heavy Water
2.1.6 Reaktor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalniy (RBMK)
2.1.6.1 Design
2.1.6.2 High Positive Void Coefficient
2.1.6.3 Containment
2.1.6.4 Improvements since the Chernobyl Accident
2.1.6.5 Closures
2.1.7 Gas Cooled Reactor & Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor
2.1.8 Super Critical Water Cooled Reactor
2.1.8.1 Design
2.1.9 Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor
2.2 Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
2.2.1 Design
2.2.2 Fuels
2.2.3 Use
2.2.4 Life Span
2.2.5 Efficiency
2.2.6 Safety
2.2.6.1 Radioactive Contamination
2.2.6.2 Nuclear Fission

3. Advanced Nuclear Technologies
3.1 Advanced Liquid-Metal Reactor
3.1.1 Background
3.1.2 Safety
3.1.3 Efficiency and Fuel Cycle
3.1.4 Advantages
3.1.5 Disadvantages
3.2 Pebble Bed Modular Reactor
3.2.1 Pebble Bed Design
3.2.2 Stationary Designs
3.2.3 Safety Features
3.2.4 Containment
3.2.5 Production of Fuel
3.2.6 Drawbacks of the Reactor Design
3.3 SSTAR
3.4 Thorium-based Reactors
3.5 Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (MHTGR)

4. Nuclear Fuel Cycle
4.1 Overview
4.2 Uranium Resources
4.3 Mining and Milling
4.4 Nuclear Reprocessing
4.5 Other Methods for Future Use
4.5.1 Aqueous Methods
4.6 Boosting Fuel’s Potency
4.7 Fabrication

5. Global Nuclear Power Industry
5.1 Industry Overview
5.2 Uranium Market
5.3 Market Characteristics
5.4 Price Trends
5.5 Industry Trends
5.6 Economic Trends
5.7 Nuclear Hedging
5.8 Challenges Facing Nuclear Power
5.8.1 Air Pollution
5.8.2 Water Pollution
5.8.3 Financial Barriers
5.8.4 Safety of Nuclear Power
5.8.5 Nuclear Proliferation
5.8.6 Regulatory Issues
5.8.7 Other Challenges
5.8.7.1 The Price-Anderson Act
5.8.7.2 Resolution of the US’ Spent Nuclear Fuel Issues
5.8.7.3 Public Acceptance and Benefits of Nuclear Generation
5.8.7.4 Non-Proliferation Implications of New Nuclear Generation
5.8.8 Impact of Obama’s Nuclear Policy
5.8.8.1 NPR and Nuclear Proliferation
5.8.8.2 Limiting Nuclear Weapons in the U.S.
5.8.8.3 Lower Nuclear Force Levels and Maintenance of Defense Stability
5.8.8.4 Reducing Non-strategic Nuclear Weapons
5.8.8.5 Ensuring Nuclear Safety
5.9 Outlook for Nuclear Power

Chapter 2: Nuclear Power in China

1. China’s Growing Demand for Energy

2. Why China Needs Nuclear Power?
2.1 Overview
2.2 Role of Energy Demand
2.3 Challenges Facing the Industry
2.3.1 No Nuclear Professionals
2.3.2 Lack of Public Acceptance
2.3.3 Supply Chain Issues
2.3.4 Maintaining Quality & Safety
2.3.5 Regulatory Barriers

3. Growth of the Nuclear Industry in China

4. Nuclear Fuel Cycle in China
4.1 Overview
4.2 Uranium Resources & Uranium Mining in China
4.3 Uranium Enrichment
4.4 Fuel Fabrication Plants
4.5 Fuel Recycling and Reprocessing
4.6 Radioactive Waste Management

5. Regulatory Framework
5.1 China’s Commercial and Government Nuclear Program
5.2 Safety Authority
5.3 Licensing Process
5.4 Site Permit
5.5 Construction Permit
5.6 Commissioning Permit
5.7 Operating License
5.8Decommissioning Permit
5.9 Major National Laws and Regulations in Nuclear Power

6. Reactor Technology
6.1 Areva EPR Reactors
6.2 BWR Reactors
6.3 Candu Reactors
6.4 CAP1400 Reactors
6.5 CNP-1000 Reactors
6.6 CPR-1000 Reactors
6.7 Fast Neutron Reactors
6.8 HTR Reactors
6.9 VVER Reactors
6.10 Westinghouse AP1000 Reactors
6.11 Generation III Reactor Technology
6.11.1 AP1000 Contracts
6.11.2 Taishan 1&2

7. Policies on Fuel Cycle and Research Programs
7.1 Fuel Cycle Policies
7.2 Research Programs
7.2.1 China Institute of Atomic Energy
7.2.2 HTR-10
7.2.3 Shidaowan HTR-PM
7.2.4 Fast Neutron Reactors
7.2.5 Cobalt-60 Production

8. Nuclear Power Plants in China
8.1 Operating Nuclear Power Plants
8.1.1 Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant
8.1.2 Ling Ao Nuclear Power Plant
8.1.3 Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant
8.1.4 Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant
8.2 Under Construction/Planned Nuclear Power Plants
8.2.1 Changjiang Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.2 Dafan Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.3 Fangchenggang (Hongsha) Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.4 Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.5 Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.6 Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.7 Hengyang Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.8 Hongshiding (Rushan) Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.9 Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.10 Jingyu Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.11 Jiyang Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.12 Lingao Phase II Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.13 Lianyungang Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.14 Ningde Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.15 Pengze Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.16 Qinshan Phase II-3&4 Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.17 Sanba Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.18 Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.19 Sanming Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.20 Shidaowan HTR-PM Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.21 Shidaowan (PWRs) Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.22 Taishan Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.23 Taohuajiang Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.24 Tianwan Phases II & III Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.25 Wuhu Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.26 Xiaomoshan Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.27 Xiangtan Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.28 Yangjiang Nuclear Power Plant
8.2.29 Zhexi /Longyou Nuclear Power Plant

9. Major Industry Players
9.1 Areva DongFang
9.2 Beijing Institute of Nuclear Engineering
9.3 CGNPC Uranium Resource Co
9.4 China (Nuclear International) Uranium Corporation
9.5 China Atomic Energy Authority
9.6 China Baotau Nuclear Fuel
9.7 China First Heavy Industries
9.8 China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group
9.9 China Huaneng Group
9.10 China Institute for Radiation Protection
9.11 China Institute of Atomic Energy
9.12 China Jianzhong Nuclear Fuel
9.13 China National Nuclear Corporation
9.14 China North Nuclear Fuel
9.15 China Nuclear Energy Association
9.16 China Nuclear Energy Industry Corporation
9.17 China Nuclear Engineering & Construction Group
9.18 China Nuclear Power Engineering Group; China Nuclear Power Design
9.19 China Power Engineering Consulting Group Corporation
9.20 China Power Investment Corporation
9.21 China Resources Power Holdings
9.22 China Uranium Development
9.23 Chinergy
9.24 Chinese Nuclear Society
9.25 CNNC Overseas Uranium Holding
9.26 Datang International Power Generation Company
9.27 Dongfang (Guangzhou) Heavy Machinery
9.28 Dongfang Boiler Group
9.29 Dongfang Electric Corporation
9.30 East China Electric Power Designing Institute
9.31 Harbin Power Equipment
9.32 Huadian International Power Corporation Ltd
9.33 Huaneng International Power Development Corporation
9.34 Ministry of Environmental Protection
9.35 Ministry of Science & Technology
9.36 National Development and Reform Commission
9.37 National Energy Commission, National Energy Administration
9.38 National Nuclear Safety Administration
9.39 Nuclear Power Institute of China
9.40 Shandong Electric Power Construction
9.41 Shandong Nuclear Power Equipment Manufacturing
9.42 Shanghai Electric Heavy Industries Group
9.43 Shanghai Nuclear Energy Research & Design Institute
9.44 Shenzhen Shandong Nuclear Power Construction
9.45 Sinosteel
9.46 SNERDI Engineering Consulting and Supervision Management
9.47 State Development and Investment Corporation
9.48 State Nuclear Electric Power Planning Design & Research Institute
9.49 State Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation
9.50 State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation
9.51 State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission

10. Major Global Players
10.1 Ameren Corporation
10.1.1 Company Overview
10.1.2 Business Segments
10.1.3 SWOT Analysis
10.2 Areva SA
10.2.1 Company Overview
10.2.2 Business Segments
10.2.3 SWOT Analysis
10.3 Chugoku Electric Power Company
10.3.1 Company Overview
10.3.2 Business Segments
10.3.3 SWOT Analysis
10.4 Electricite de France
10.4.1 Company Overview
10.4.2 Business Segments
10.4.3 SWOT Analysis
10.5 Eskom
10.5.1 Company Overview
10.5.2 Business Segments
10.5.3 SWOT Analysis
10.6 Siemens AG
10.6.1 Company Overview
10.6.2 Business Segments
10.6.3 SWOT Analysis
10.7 Toshiba Corporation
10.7.1 Company Overview
10.7.2 Business Segments
10.7.3 SWOT Analysis
10.8 Vattenfall AB
10.8.1 Company Overview
10.8.2 Business Segments
10.8.3 SWOT Analysis
10.9 Xcel Energy, Inc.
10.9.1 Company Overview
10.9.2 Business Segments
10.9.3 SWOT Analysis

11. Nuclear Non-Proliferation and China

12. Nuclear Power in China: Industry Outlook

Chapter 3: Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident

1. 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Plant Accident
1.1 Overview
1.2 Earthquakes in Japan and the Nuclear Site
1.3 History of Fukushima Daiichi Reactors
1.4 Summary of the Incident at Fukushima Daiichi Reactors 1-3 & 4
1.5 Incident at the Fukushima Daiichi Reactors 5 & 6
1.6 Earthquake and Impact on Fukushima Daini Plant
1.7 Impact of the Nuclear Accident on the Global Economy
1.8 Radioactivity Leakage
1.8.1 Overview
1.8.2 Contamination of Infrastructure
1.8.3 Air Contamination
1.8.4 Water Contamination
1.8.5 Radiation Exposure and Impacts
1.8.6 International Radiation
1.9 Assessment on an International Level & Rating of the Accident
1.10 International Community Response
1.10.1 European Union
1.10.2 Argentina
1.10.3 Armenia
1.10.4 Belarus
1.10.5 Brazil
1.10.6 Bulgaria
1.10.7 Canada
1.10.8 China
1.10.9 Czech Republic
1.10.10 Finland
1.10.11 France
1.10.12 Germany
1.10.13 Hungary
1.10.14 India
1.10.15 Italy
1.10.16 Japan
1.10.17 Lithuania
1.10.18 Mexico
1.10.19 Netherlands
1.10.20 Romania
1.10.21 Russia
1.10.22 Slovakia
1.10.23 Slovenia
1.10.24 South Africa
1.10.25 South Korea
1.10.26 Sweden
1.10.27 Switzerland
1.10.28 Taiwan
1.10.29 Ukraine
1.10.30 United Kingdom
1.10.31 United States of America
1.10.32 Venezuela

Chapter 4: Glossary

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