1	INTRODUCTION	31
1.1	STUDY OBJECTIVES	31
1.2	MARKET DEFINITION	31
1.3	STUDY SCOPE	32
1.3.1	INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS	32
1.3.2	MARKETS COVERED	33
1.3.3	REGIONAL SCOPE	33
1.3.4	YEARS CONSIDERED	34
1.4	CURRENCY CONSIDERED	34
1.5	PACKAGE SIZE	34
1.6	LIMITATIONS	34
1.7	STAKEHOLDERS	35
1.8	SUMMARY OF CHANGES	35
1.9	RECESSION IMPACT	35
2	RESEARCH METHODOLOGY	36
2.1	RESEARCH DATA	36
FIGURE 1	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN	37
2.1.1	SECONDARY DATA	37
2.1.1.1	Key data from secondary sources	38
2.1.1.2	Key secondary sources	38
2.1.2	PRIMARY DATA	38
2.1.2.1	Key data from primary sources	39
2.1.2.2	Primary research participants across supply side	39
2.1.2.3	Breakdown of primary interviews	40
2.1.2.4	Key industry insights	40
2.1.3	SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH	41
2.2	MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION	41
FIGURE 2	MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 1 (SUPPLY SIDE): REVENUE GENERATED BY KEY PLAYERS IN WAFER CLEANING  EQUIPMENT MARKET	42
FIGURE 3	MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 2 (SUPPLY SIDE): ILLUSTRATION OF REVENUE ESTIMATION OF KEY PLAYERS IN WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET	43
FIGURE 4	MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 3 (DEMAND SIDE) –BOTTOM-UP APPROACH TO ESTIMATE WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET SIZE BASED ON REGION	44
2.2.1	BOTTOM-UP APPROACH	44
2.2.1.1	Estimation of market size using bottom-up approach	44
FIGURE 5	MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH	45
2.2.2	TOP-DOWN APPROACH	45
2.2.2.1	Estimation of market size using top-down approach	45
FIGURE 6	MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: TOP-DOWN APPROACH	45
2.3	MARKET SHARE CALCULATION	46
2.4	DATA TRIANGULATION	46
FIGURE 7	DATA TRIANGULATION	47
2.5	RISK ASSESSMENT	48
TABLE 1	RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS	48
2.5.1	IMPACT OF RECESSION ON GDP	49
2.6	RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS	49
2.6.1	RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS	49
2.6.2	RESEARCH LIMITATIONS	50
3	EXECUTIVE SUMMARY	51
FIGURE 8	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, 2019–2028	52
FIGURE 9	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARE OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE, IN 2028	52
FIGURE 10	300 MM WAFERS TO DOMINATE WAFER MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD	53
FIGURE 11	MEMORY DEVICES TO LEAD WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET,  BY APPLICATION, DURING FORECAST PERIOD	53
FIGURE 12	ASIA PACIFIC TO RECORD HIGHEST CAGR IN GLOBAL WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET FROM 2023 TO 2028	54
4	PREMIUM INSIGHTS	55
4.1	ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET	55
FIGURE 13	GROWING POPULARITY OF 3D ICS TO BOOST DEMAND FOR WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT IN COMING YEARS	55
4.2	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE	56
FIGURE 14	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS TO CAPTURE LARGEST SHARE OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN 2023	56
4.3	WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE	56
FIGURE 15	300 MM WAFERS TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE IN 2023	56
4.4	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION	57
FIGURE 16	MEMORY DEVICES TO CAPTURE LARGEST SHARE OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN 2023	57
4.5	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC,  BY APPLICATION AND COUNTRY	57
FIGURE 17	MEMORY DEVICES AND CHINA HELD LARGEST SHARE OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY APPLICATION AND COUNTRY, RESPECTIVELY, IN 2022	57
 
5	MARKET OVERVIEW	58
5.1	INTRODUCTION	58
5.2	MARKET DYNAMICS	58
FIGURE 18	MARKET DYNAMICS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET	58
5.2.1	DRIVERS	59
5.2.1.1	Increasing adoption of MEMS technology across various industries	59
5.2.1.2	Growing demand for memory devices with exceptional speed and accuracy from AI-based servers	59
5.2.1.3	Increasing use of electric vehicles	60
FIGURE 19	ELECTRIC CAR SALES DATA, 2019–2023 (MILLION UNITS)	61
5.2.1.4	Surging adoption of 5G technology	61
FIGURE 20	5G MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS, 2019–2028 (MILLION UNITS)	62
FIGURE 21	IMPACT ANALYSIS OF DRIVERS ON WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET	63
5.2.2	RESTRAINTS	63
5.2.2.1	Environmental concerns owing to emission of hazardous chemicals during wafer cleaning	63
FIGURE 22	IMPACT ANALYSIS OF RESTRAINTS ON WAFER CLEANING MARKET	64
5.2.3	OPPORTUNITIES	64
5.2.3.1	Growing popularity of 3D ICs	64
5.2.3.2	Rising adoption of technologically advanced semiconductor devices	64
5.2.3.3	Increasing adoption of silicon-based semiconductor devices in IoT applications	64
FIGURE 23	IMPACT ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES ON WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET	65
5.2.4	CHALLENGES	65
5.2.4.1	Possibility of water shortage in semiconductor fab facilities globally	65
5.2.4.2	Longer construction timelines associated with new semiconductor fabs in US due to stringent regulations	66
FIGURE 24	IMPACT ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES ON WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET	66
5.3	SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS	67
FIGURE 25	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS	67
TABLE 2	PARTICIPANTS AND THEIR ROLE IN ECOSYSTEM	68
5.4	ECOSYSTEM MAPPING	69
5.4.1	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS	69
FIGURE 26	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT ECOSYSTEM	69
5.4.2	WAFER CLEANING STEPS (RCA CLEAN PROCESS)	69
5.4.2.1	First step (SC-1): Organic and particle cleaning	70
5.4.2.2	Second step: Oxide stripping	70
5.4.2.3	Third step (SC-2): Ionic cleaning	70
5.4.2.4	Rinsing and drying (optional process)	70
FIGURE 27	WAFER CLEANING OBJECTIVES	70
TABLE 3	SOLUTIONS/MIXTURES/COMPOUNDS USED IN WAFER CLEANING APPLICATIONS	71
5.5	TECHNOLOGY TRENDS	71
5.5.1	PIRANHA ETCH CLEANING	71
5.5.2	MEGASONIC CLEANING	71
5.5.3	OZONE CLEANING	71
5.6	INDICATIVE PRICE ANALYSIS	72
TABLE 4	INDICATIVE PRICE OF SINGLE-WAFER SPRAY SYSTEMS	72
TABLE 5	INDICATIVE PRICE OF CHEMICALS USED IN WAFER CLEANING	72
5.7	PATENT ANALYSIS	72
TABLE 6	PATENTS FILED AND GRANTED, JANUARY 2012–DECEMBER 2022	72
FIGURE 28	NUMBER OF PATENTS GRANTED FOR WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT,  2012–2022	73
FIGURE 29	TOP 10 COMPANIES WITH HIGHEST NUMBER OF PATENT APPLICATIONS, JANUARY 2012–DECEMBER 2022	73
TABLE 7	TOP 20 PATENT OWNERS, JANUARY 2012–DECEMBER 2022	74
5.8	PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS	74
FIGURE 30	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS, 2022	75
FIGURE 31	IMPACT ANALYSIS OF PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ON WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, 2022	75
TABLE 8	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS, 2022	76
5.8.1	THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS	76
5.8.2	THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES	76
5.8.3	BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS	76
5.8.4	BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS	76
5.8.5	INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY	77
5.9	KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA	77
5.9.1	KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS	77
FIGURE 32	INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT, BY WAFER SIZE	77
TABLE 9	INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT, BY WAFER SIZE (%)	77
5.9.2	BUYING CRITERIA	78
FIGURE 33	KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT, BY WAFER SIZE	78
TABLE 10	KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT, BY WAFER SIZE	78
5.10	CASE STUDIES	78
5.10.1	ECO-SNOW SYSTEMS COLLABORATES WITH OWENS DESIGN TO DEVELOP 300 MM WAFER CLEANING PLATFORM TO REMOVE IMPURITIES	78
5.10.2	LEADING PROVIDER OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT COLLABORATES WITH TISMO TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOP HMI SYSTEM FOR PLASMA CLEANING	79
5.11	TRADE DATA ANALYSIS	79
TABLE 11	EXPORT DATA FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING MACHINES IN MAJOR COUNTRIES, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION)	79
FIGURE 34	EXPORT VALUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING MACHINES IN MAJOR COUNTRIES, 2018–2022	80
TABLE 12	IMPORT DATA FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING MACHINES IN MAJOR COUNTRIES, 2018–2022 (USD MILLION)	80
FIGURE 35	IMPORT VALUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING MACHINES IN MAJOR COUNTRIES, 2018–2022	81
5.12	TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE	81
5.12.1	TARIFFS	81
TABLE 13	MFN TARIFFS FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT EXPORTED BY US	81
5.12.2	REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS	82
5.12.2.1	North America	82
5.12.2.2	Europe	82
5.12.2.3	Asia Pacific	82
5.12.2.4	RoW	83
5.12.3	REGULATIONS	83
5.12.4	STANDARDS	83
5.13	TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS	84
FIGURE 36	REVENUE SHIFT AND NEW REVENUE POCKETS FOR WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET	84
5.14	KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2023–2024	85
TABLE 14	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET: LIST OF CONFERENCES AND EVENTS	85
6	OPERATING MODES OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT	86
6.1	INTRODUCTION	86
6.2	AUTOMATIC	86
6.3	SEMIAUTOMATIC	86
6.4	MANUAL	86
7	TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES USED IN WAFER CLEANING	87
7.1	INTRODUCTION	87
7.2	WET CHEMICAL CLEANING	87
FIGURE 37	WET CHEMICAL CLEANING PROCESS	88
7.2.1	USE OF HF ACID SOLUTION IN WET CLEANING PROCESS	88
7.2.2	USE OF SULFURIC ACID IN WET CLEANING PROCESS	88
7.2.3	RCA CLEANING PROCESS	88
7.2.4	ALTERNATIVE CLEANING PROCESSES	89
7.3	VAPOR DRY CLEANING	89
7.3.1	VAPOR PHASE CLEANING	89
7.3.2	PLASMA STRIPPING CLEANING	90
7.4	AQUEOUS CLEANING	90
FIGURE 38	STANDARD WAFER CLEANING PROCESS	90
7.4.1	AQUEOUS FEOL CLEANING	91
7.4.2	AQUEOUS BEOL CLEANING	91
7.5	CRYOGENIC AEROSOLS AND SUPER-CRITICAL FLUID CLEANING	91
7.6	EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES	91
7.6.1	LASER CLEANING TECHNOLOGIES	91
7.6.1.1	Dry laser cleaning	92
7.6.1.2	Steam laser cleaning	92
7.6.2	AQUEOUS-BASED EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES	92
7.6.2.1	Foam/bubble cleaning	92
7.6.2.2	Immersion pressure pulsation cleaning	92
7.6.2.3	Spray pressure pulsation cleaning	92
7.6.3	CHEMICAL-BASED EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES	92
7.6.4	DRY PARTICLE REMOVING TECHNOLOGIES	92
7.6.4.1	Liquid clusters	92
7.6.4.2	Nonoprobe cleaning	92
8	ANALYSIS OF IMPURITIES IN WAFER CLEANING  PROCESSES AND EQUIPMENT	93
8.1	INTRODUCTION	93
TABLE 15	IMPACT OF IMPURITIES ON WAFERS, BY CONTAMINANT TYPE	93
8.2	METALS	94
8.3	PARTICULATES	94
8.4	CHEMICALS	95
9	WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE	96
9.1	INTRODUCTION	97
FIGURE 39	300 MM WAFERS TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD	97
TABLE 16	WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	97
TABLE 17	WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	98
9.2	≤150 MM	98
9.2.1	EMERGENCE OF WAFERS WITH LARGER DIAMETERS TO ADVERSELY IMPACT ADOPTION OF SMALLER DIAMETER WAFERS	98
TABLE 18	≤150 MM: WAFER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	98
TABLE 19	≤150 MM: WAFER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	99
9.3	200 MM	99
9.3.1	RISING ADOPTION OF 200 MM WAFERS TO BALANCE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY AND YIELD RATES TO DRIVE MARKET	99
TABLE 20	200 MM: WAFER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	100
TABLE 21	200 MM: WAFER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	100
 
9.4	300 MM	101
9.4.1	ABILITY OF 300 MM WAFERS TO FACILITATE ADVANCED FABRICATION TECHNIQUES TO DRIVE ADOPTION IN MEMORY CHIPS AND ICS	101
FIGURE 40	MEMORY DEVICES TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF 300 MM WAFER MARKET IN 2028	101
TABLE 22	300 MM: WAFER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	102
TABLE 23	300 MM: WAFER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	102
10	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE	103
10.1	INTRODUCTION	104
TABLE 24	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	104
FIGURE 41	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN 2028	105
TABLE 25	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	105
10.2	SINGLE-WAFER CLEANING SYSTEMS	106
10.2.1	ABILITY OF SINGLE-WAFER CLEANING SYSTEMS TO EFFICIENTLY CLEAN WAFER WITH MINIMAL DAMAGE TO DRIVE MARKET	106
TABLE 26	SINGLE-WAFER SPRAY SYSTEMS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET,  BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	106
FIGURE 42	MEMORY DEVICES TO CAPTURE LARGEST SHARE OF SINGLE-WAFER SPRAY SYSTEM MARKET THROUGHOUT FORECAST PERIOD	107
TABLE 27	SINGLE-WAFER SPRAY SYSTEMS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET,  BY APPLICATION, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	107
10.3	SINGLE-WAFER CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS	108
10.3.1	POTENTIAL TO REMOVE CONTAMINANTS AT ULTRA-LOW TEMPERATURE TO BOOST ADOPTION OF SINGLE-WAFER CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS	108
TABLE 28	SINGLE-WAFER CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET,  BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	108
FIGURE 43	MEMORY DEVICES TO DOMINATE SINGLE-WAFER CRYOGENIC SYSTEM MARKET IN 2028	109
TABLE 29	SINGLE-WAFER CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET,  BY APPLICATION, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	109
10.4	BATCH IMMERSION CLEANING SYSTEMS	110
10.4.1	PROFICIENCY IN CLEANING MULTIPLE WAFERS SIMULTANEOUSLY TO FUEL DEPLOYMENT OF BATCH IMMERSION CLEANING SYSTEMS	110
TABLE 30	BATCH IMMERSION CLEANING SYSTEMS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET,  BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	110
FIGURE 44	MEMS DEVICES TO EXHIBIT HIGHEST CAGR IN BATCH IMMERSION SYSTEM MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD	111
TABLE 31	BATCH IMMERSION CLEANING SYSTEMS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET,  BY APPLICATION, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	111
 
10.5	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS	112
10.5.1	COMPETENCY IN HANDLING LARGE BATCHES WITH HIGH THROUGHPUT TO INCREASE IMPLEMENTATION OF BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS	112
TABLE 32	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET,  BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	112
FIGURE 45	LEDS TO EXHIBIT SECOND-HIGHEST CAGR IN BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEM MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD	113
TABLE 33	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET,  BY APPLICATION, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	113
10.6	SCRUBBERS	114
10.6.1	CAPABILITY TO REMOVE TINY PARTICLES ON WAFERS TO DRIVE DEMAND FOR SCRUBBERS	114
TABLE 34	SCRUBBERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	114
FIGURE 46	MEMS DEVICES TO RECORD HIGHEST CAGAR IN SCRUBBER MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD	115
TABLE 35	SCRUBBERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	115
11	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION	116
11.1	INTRODUCTION	117
TABLE 36	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	117
FIGURE 47	MEMORY DEVICES TO DOMINATE WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET THROUGHOUT FORECAST PERIOD	117
TABLE 37	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	118
TABLE 38	WAFER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCH)	118
TABLE 39	WAFER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCH)	119
11.2	COMPETITOR ANALYSIS	120
11.3	MEMS DEVICES	121
11.3.1	HIGH DEMAND FOR MEMS DEVICES FROM CONSUMER ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURERS TO DRIVE MARKET	121
TABLE 40	MEMS DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	121
TABLE 41	MEMS DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	121
TABLE 42	MEMS DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	122
TABLE 43	MEMS DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	122
TABLE 44	MEMS DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	122
FIGURE 48	SINGLE-WAFER SPRAY SYSTEMS TO LEAD WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET FOR MEMS APPLICATIONS DURING FORECAST PERIOD	123
TABLE 45	MEMS DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	123
TABLE 46	MEMS DEVICES: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE,  2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	123
TABLE 47	MEMS DEVICES: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE,  2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	124
11.4	CIS	124
11.4.1	RISING ADOPTION OF CMOS IMAGE SENSORS IN AEROSPACE AND MEDICAL IMAGING APPLICATIONS TO BOOST DEMAND FOR WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT	124
TABLE 48	CIS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	124
TABLE 49	CIS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT, BY REGION, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	125
TABLE 50	CIS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	125
TABLE 51	CIS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	125
TABLE 52	CIS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	126
FIGURE 49	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARE OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET FOR CIS APPLICATIONS IN 2030	126
TABLE 53	CIS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	126
TABLE 54	CIS: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	127
TABLE 55	CIS: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	127
11.5	MEMORY DEVICES	127
11.5.1	INCREASING DEPLOYMENT OF NAND FLASH MEMORY CHIPS IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS TO SUPPORT MARKET GROWTH	127
TABLE 56	MEMORY DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	127
TABLE 57	MEMORY DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	128
TABLE 58	MEMORY DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC,  BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	128
TABLE 59	MEMORY DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC,  BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	128
TABLE 60	MEMORY DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	129
FIGURE 50	SINGLE-WAFER SPRAY SYSTEMS TO COMMAND WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET FOR MEMORY DEVICES FROM 2023 TO 2028	129
TABLE 61	MEMORY DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	129
TABLE 62	MEMORY DEVICES: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE,  2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	130
TABLE 63	MEMORY DEVICES: WAFER, BY WAFER SIZE, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	130
 
11.6	RF DEVICES	130
11.6.1	RISING INTEGRATION OF RF DEVICES INTO SMARTPHONES TO CONTRIBUTE TO MARKET GROWTH	130
TABLE 64	RF DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	130
TABLE 65	RF DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	131
TABLE 66	RF DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	131
TABLE 67	RF DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	131
TABLE 68	RF DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	132
FIGURE 51	BATCH IMMERSION CLEANING SYSTEMS TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET FOR RF DEVICES IN 2028	132
TABLE 69	RF DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	132
TABLE 70	RF DEVICES: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	133
TABLE 71	RF DEVICES: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	133
11.7	LEDS	133
11.7.1	INCREASING USE OF LEDS IN SMART LIGHTING SYSTEMS TO BOOST DEMAND FOR WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT	133
TABLE 72	LEDS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	134
TABLE 73	LEDS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	134
TABLE 74	LEDS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	134
TABLE 75	LEDS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	135
TABLE 76	LEDS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	135
FIGURE 52	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS TO CAPTURE MAJORITY OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET SHARE FOR LEDS IN 2028	135
TABLE 77	LEDS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	136
TABLE 78	LEDS: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	136
TABLE 79	LEDS: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	136
11.8	INTERPOSERS	136
11.8.1	SURGING DEMAND FOR ADVANCED PACKAGING SOLUTIONS TO DRIVE SEGMENTAL GROWTH	136
TABLE 80	INTERPOSERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	137
TABLE 81	INTERPOSERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	137
TABLE 82	INTERPOSERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	137
TABLE 83	INTERPOSERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	138
TABLE 84	INTERPOSERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	138
FIGURE 53	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST MARKET SHARE FOR INTERPOSERS IN 2028	138
TABLE 85	INTERPOSERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	139
TABLE 86	INTERPOSERS: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	139
TABLE 87	INTERPOSERS: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	139
11.9	LOGIC DEVICES	140
11.9.1	GROWING DEPLOYMENT OF LOGIC DEVICES IN MICROPROCESSORS, MICROCONTROLLERS, AND GRAPHIC CHIPS TO ACCELERATE MARKET GROWTH	140
TABLE 88	LOGIC DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	140
TABLE 89	LOGIC DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	140
TABLE 90	LOGIC DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	141
TABLE 91	LOGIC DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	141
TABLE 92	LOGIC DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	141
FIGURE 54	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS TO CAPTURE LARGEST SHARE OF WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET FOR LOGIC DEVICES IN 2028	142
TABLE 93	LOGIC DEVICES: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	142
TABLE 94	LOGIC DEVICES: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE,  2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	142
TABLE 95	LOGIC DEVICES: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE,  2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	143
11.10	OTHERS	143
TABLE 96	OTHERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	143
TABLE 97	OTHERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	144
TABLE 98	OTHERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	144
TABLE 99	OTHERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC, BY COUNTRY,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	144
TABLE 100	OTHERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	145
FIGURE 55	BATCH SPRAY CLEANING SYSTEMS TO DOMINATE WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS FROM 2023 TO 2028	145
TABLE 101	OTHERS: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY EQUIPMENT TYPE,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	145
TABLE 102	OTHERS: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2019–2022 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	146
TABLE 103	OTHERS: WAFER MARKET, BY WAFER SIZE, 2023–2028 (MILLION SQUARE INCHES)	146
12	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION	147
12.1	INTRODUCTION	148
FIGURE 56	CHINA TO EXHIBIT HIGHEST CAGR IN GLOBAL WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET FROM 2023 TO 2028	148
TABLE 104	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	148
TABLE 105	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	149
12.2	NORTH AMERICA	149
FIGURE 57	NORTH AMERICA: REGION SNAPSHOT	150
TABLE 106	NORTH AMERICA: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	150
TABLE 107	NORTH AMERICA: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	151
TABLE 108	NORTH AMERICA: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY COUNTRY,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	151
TABLE 109	NORTH AMERICA: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY COUNTRY,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	151
12.2.1	NORTH AMERICA: RECESSION IMPACT	152
12.2.2	US	152
12.2.2.1	Presence of manufacturing giants such as Intel and Global Foundries to drive market growth	152
12.2.3	CANADA	152
12.2.3.1	Government-led initiatives promoting use of electric vehicles to support market growth	152
12.2.4	MEXICO	153
12.2.4.1	Thriving telecommunications and energy sectors to fuel market growth	153
12.3	EUROPE	153
FIGURE 58	EUROPE: REGION SNAPSHOT	154
TABLE 110	EUROPE: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	155
TABLE 111	EUROPE: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	155
TABLE 112	EUROPE: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY COUNTRY,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	156
TABLE 113	EUROPE: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY COUNTRY,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	156
12.3.1	EUROPE: RECESSION IMPACT	156
 
12.3.2	GERMANY	156
12.3.2.1	Presence of silicon foundries and chipmakers to drive market	156
12.3.3	FRANCE	157
12.3.3.1	Growing focus on development of advanced communication network technologies to foster market growth	157
12.3.4	ITALY	157
12.3.4.1	Existence of fabrication plants and OSAT companies to support market growth	157
12.3.5	UK	157
12.3.5.1	Rising demand for electronic systems to contribute to market growth	157
12.3.6	REST OF EUROPE	158
12.4	ASIA PACIFIC	159
FIGURE 59	ASIA PACIFIC: REGION SNAPSHOT	159
TABLE 114	ASIA PACIFIC: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	160
TABLE 115	ASIA PACIFIC: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	160
TABLE 116	ASIA PACIFIC: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY COUNTRY,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	161
TABLE 117	ASIA PACIFIC: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY COUNTRY,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	161
12.4.1	ASIA PACIFIC: RECESSION IMPACT	161
12.4.2	TAIWAN	161
12.4.2.1	Presence of several giant OSAT vendors to fuel market growth	161
12.4.3	CHINA	162
12.4.3.1	Strong focus on achieving self-reliance in memory and chip technologies to accelerate market growth	162
12.4.4	JAPAN	162
12.4.4.1	Presence of prominent wafer cleaning equipment manufacturers to fuel market growth	162
12.4.5	SOUTH KOREA	162
12.4.5.1	Government strategies to expedite growth of semiconductor industry to support market growth	162
12.4.6	REST OF ASIA PACIFIC	163
12.5	REST OF THE WORLD (ROW)	163
TABLE 118	ROW: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,  2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	163
TABLE 119	ROW: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY APPLICATION,  2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	164
TABLE 120	ROW: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION, 2019–2022 (USD MILLION)	164
TABLE 121	ROW: WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET, BY REGION, 2023–2028 (USD MILLION)	164
12.5.1	ROW: RECESSION IMPACT	164
12.5.2	SOUTH AMERICA	165
12.5.2.1	Increasing demand for consumer electronics to drive market	165
12.5.3	MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA	165
12.5.3.1	Rising use of connected devices and booming automotive industry to contribute to market growth	165
13	COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE	166
13.1	OVERVIEW	166
13.2	MARKET EVALUATION FRAMEWORK	167
FIGURE 60	KEY STRATEGIES UNDERTAKEN BY LEADING PLAYERS IN WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET FROM 2021 TO 2023	167
13.3	MARKET SHARE AND RANKING ANALYSIS	168
TABLE 122	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022	168
FIGURE 61	MARKET SHARE OF TOP 5 PLAYERS PROVIDING WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT	168
13.4	FIVE-YEAR COMPANY REVENUE ANALYSIS	170
FIGURE 62	FIVE-YEAR REVENUE ANALYSIS OF KEY COMPANIES	170
13.5	COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022	171
FIGURE 63	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET (GLOBAL): COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022	171
13.5.1	STARS	171
13.5.2	EMERGING LEADERS	172
13.5.3	PERVASIVE PLAYERS	172
13.5.4	PARTICIPANTS	172
13.6	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT	172
TABLE 123	OVERALL COMPANY FOOTPRINT (10 COMPANIES)	172
TABLE 124	APPLICATION FOOTPRINT (10 COMPANIES)	173
TABLE 125	REGION FOOTPRINT (10 COMPANIES)	174
13.7	STARTUPS/SMES EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022	175
FIGURE 64	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT (GLOBAL): STARTUPS/SMES EVALUATION MATRIX, 2022	175
13.7.1	PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES	175
13.7.2	RESPONSIVE COMPANIES	176
13.7.3	DYNAMIC COMPANIES	176
13.7.4	STARTING BLOCKS	176
13.8	COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING	176
TABLE 126	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET: LIST OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES	176
TABLE 127	WAFER CLEANING EQUIPMENT MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES	178
13.9	COMPETITIVE SCENARIO	179
13.9.1	PRODUCT LAUNCHES	179
TABLE 128	PRODUCT LAUNCHES, DECEMBER 2022–JANUARY 2023	179
13.9.2	DEALS	180
TABLE 129	DEALS, JULY 2022–JULY 2023	180
TABLE 130	OTHERS, NOVEMBER 2021–MAY 2023	182
14	COMPANY PROFILES	183
(Business Overview, Products/Solutions/Services Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View (Key strengths/Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, and Weaknesses and Competitive Threats))*
14.1	INTRODUCTION	183
14.2	KEY PLAYERS	183
14.2.1	SCREEN HOLDINGS CO., LTD.	183
TABLE 131	SCREEN HOLDINGS CO., LTD.: COMPANY OVERVIEW	184
FIGURE 65	SCREEN HOLDINGS CO., LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT	184
TABLE 132	SCREEN HOLDINGS CO., LTD.: PRODUCT LAUNCHES	187
TABLE 133	SCREEN HOLDINGS CO., LTD.: DEALS	187
TABLE 134	SCREEN HOLDINGS CO., LTD.: OTHERS	188
14.2.2	TOKYO ELECTRON LIMITED	190
TABLE 135	TOKYO ELECTRON LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW	190
FIGURE 66	TOKYO ELECTRON LIMITED: COMPANY SNAPSHOT	191
TABLE 136	TOKYO ELECTRON LIMITED: PRODUCT LAUNCHES	194
TABLE 137	TOKYO ELECTRON LIMITED: OTHERS	194
14.2.3	LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION	196
TABLE 138	LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW	196
FIGURE 67	LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT	197
TABLE 139	LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION: DEALS	198
TABLE 140	LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION: OTHERS	199
14.2.4	APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.	200
TABLE 141	APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW	200
FIGURE 68	APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT	201
TABLE 142	APPLIED MATERIALS, INC.: DEALS	203
14.2.5	SHIBAURA MECHATRONICS CORPORATION	204
TABLE 143	SHIBAURA MECHATRONICS CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW	204
FIGURE 69	SHIBAURA MECHATRONICS CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT	205
14.2.6	AKRION TECHNOLOGIES	208
TABLE 144	AKRION TECHNOLOGIES: COMPANY OVERVIEW	208
14.2.7	MODUTEK.COM	210
TABLE 145	MODUTEK.COM: COMPANY OVERVIEW	210
14.2.8	PVA TEPLA AG	212
TABLE 146	PVA TEPLA AG: COMPANY OVERVIEW	212
FIGURE 70	PVA TEPLA AG: COMPANY SNAPSHOT	213
TABLE 147	PVA TEPLA AG: DEALS	214
14.2.9	ENTEGRIS	215
TABLE 148	ENTEGRIS: COMPANY OVERVIEW	215
FIGURE 71	ENTEGRIS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT	216
TABLE 149	ENTEGRIS: DEALS	217
TABLE 150	ENTEGRIS: OTHERS	218
14.2.10	ULTRON SYSTEMS, INC.	219
TABLE 151	ULTRON SYSTEMS, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW	219
14.2.11	SÜSS MICROTEC SE	220
TABLE 152	SÜSS MICROTEC S: COMPANY OVERVIEW	220
FIGURE 72	SÜSS MICROTEC SE: COMPANY SNAPSHOT	221
14.3	OTHER PLAYERS	223
14.3.1	VEECO INSTRUMENTS INC.	223
14.3.2	SEMES	224
14.3.3	AXUS TECHNOLOGY	225
14.3.4	BEIJING TSD SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.	226
14.3.5	TOHO KASEI CO., LTD.	227
14.3.6	CLEANING TECHNOLOGIES GROUP	228
14.3.7	SEMTEK	229
14.3.8	AP&S INTERNATIONAL GMBH	230
14.3.9	ITW	231
14.3.10	RENA TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	232
14.3.11	TDC CO., LTD.	233
14.3.12	ORBRAY CO., LTD.	233
14.3.13	DAINICHI SHOJI KK	234
14.3.14	ULTRA T EQUIPMENT COMPANY INC.	235
*Details on Business Overview, Products/Solutions/Services Offered, Recent Developments, and MnM View (Key strengths/Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, and Weaknesses and Competitive Threats) might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
15	APPENDIX	236
15.1	INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS	236
15.2	DISCUSSION GUIDE	236
15.3	KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’  SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL	240
15.4	CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS	242
15.5	RELATED REPORTS	242
15.6	AUTHOR DETAILS	243
*** 免責事項 ***
https://www.globalresearch.co.jp/disclaimer/


 
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			 
					
							
			